Pulmonary and Critical Care

Sleep-Related Respiratory Disorders

Sleep-related respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions that affect breathing during sleep, impacting overall health and quality of life. These disorders can lead to fragmented sleep and other significant health issues.

Types:

• Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
• Central Sleep Apnea
• Complex Sleep Apnea Syndrome
• Sleep-Related Hypoventilation
• Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD)

Treatment for sleep-related respiratory disorders includes several approaches tailored to the specific type and severity of the condition. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy is the primary treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, utilizing a machine that delivers a continuous stream of air to keep the airway open throughout the night. For complex sleep apnea and central sleep apnea, Adaptive Servo-Ventilation (ASV) and Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) are used to assist with regulating breathing patterns. Lifestyle modifications can also play a significant role in managing symptoms, with weight loss, positional therapy, and avoiding alcohol or sedatives being particularly beneficial for obstructive sleep apnea. In cases where CPAP is not effective or for severe conditions, medical devices such as oral appliances may be used to maintain airway patency. Additionally, surgical interventions might be recommended to address anatomical abnormalities or reduce airway obstruction in select cases.