Pulmonary and Critical Care

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease primarily caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually affects the lungs but can also involve other parts of the body. TB spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. TB remains a significant global health issue, with ongoing efforts to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.

Forms of TB:

• Latent TB Infection (LTBI): The bacteria are present in the body but inactive, causing no symptoms and not spreadable. People with LTBI have a risk of developing active TB in the future.
• Active TB Disease: The bacteria are active and multiplying, causing symptoms and being contagious.

Symptoms of Active TB:

• Persistent cough (sometimes with blood)
• Chest pain
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Night sweats
• Fever
• Loss of appetite